Dialkyl cyclohexylamine salts of higher alkyl sulphates



Patented Dec. 6, 1938 2,139,277

DIALKYL CYCLOHEXYLALIINE SALTS OF liIGHER ALKYL SULPHATES Samuel Lenher and Luther B. Arnold, Jr., Wilmington, DeL, assignors to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application February 23, 1938,

Serial No. 192,160

8 Claims. (Cl. 260-459) This invention relates to new amine salts of that the temperature is kept below 75 C. The sulphuric acid esters of aliphatic monohydric mass is then stirred until it is uniform, resulting alcohols of high molecular weight. More parin the production of a product which is composed ticularly it relatesto dialkyl cyclohexylamine mainly of diethyl cyclohexylamine dodecyl sulsalts of sulphuric acid esters of aliphatic normal phate.

monohydric alcohols containing from 8 to 20 and Example H preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the aliphatic grams of chain. The invention also relates to novel methtammg Small amounts of decyl, myristyl and ods of preparing such compounds. cetyl alcohols are sulphated with 39 grams of 10 This invention has for an object the preparachlorsulphomc acid Of theory) at 35-40 C. In on f a new class of compounds A furth The mass is neutralized by pouring it into 50 object is the preparation of a new class of comgrams of dimethyl cyclohexylamine during exter' pounds which have surface active properties in 13941 cooling The Product aqueous solutions. A still further object is the hght brown u Whlch becomes Sondmgd a 15 preparation of a new class of surface active comroom temperature- 15 pounds which are soluble in oil. A still further Emmpze 111 object is to obtain a class of substances which are suitable forsoftening textile fabrics. Other objects will appear hereinafter.

The above and otherobjects are accomplished by the following invention wherein amine salts of sulphuric acid esters of aliphatic monohydric alcohols of high molecular weight are produced. The salts have the following general formula:

Three hundred grams of hexadecyl alcohol are sulphated at 5560 C. over a period of 1 hours is then poured into 218 grams of diethyl cyclohexylamine. On cooling to room temperature the product becomes a reddish brown, semicrystalline wax. Ethyl methyl cyclohexylamine may be substituted for the specific amine of this example with equally good results. Di-isopropyla-N sorw cyclohexylamine may be substituted in a similar manner.

In place of the alcohols of the preceding examples other pure or technical alcohols or mix- -tures may be substituted. The alcohols are prefcarbon atoms and preferably than three' erably normal straight-chain primary alcohols methyl and ethyl and Y the radmal of which may be either saturated or unsaturated.

a normal primary aliphatic alcohol having 8 to 20 Thus, octyl decyl' palmitoleyl, oleyl, ricmoleyl, and preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms. and linoleyl alcohols or any mixtures of the same The tnventlon W111 ftlrther Illustrated P may be substituted for those of the examples. is not intended to be limited by the following The hydrocarbon chains may be further Subst1 examples: Example I tuted by hydrocarbon groups. Although normal Coconut oil is subjected to catalytic hydrogenaalcohols are preferred secondatry' and tertiary 1) tion or sodium reduction to produce higher fatty 'alcqhols may f be used efiectwely m the 40 alcohols. The resulting mixture of alcohols is examp fractionated to separate therefrom the lower Thls appltcation contmuatmn'm'pa'rt of 20% and the residual 20%, leaving the middle our application, Serial No. 743,720, filed Septem- 60% fraction. This fraction is composed priher 1934' 1 wherein R is a cyclohexyl radical, R. and R'. are alkyl groups containing not more than three 4.3 marily of dodecyl alcohol but also contains small The compounds and produfzts this inveninon amounts of decyl, tetradecyl octadecyl and hexa are very satisfactory for use in those connections decyl alcohols where a surface active material is desired. For

To 300 parts of the mixture alcohols, 'example, they may be used alone or in combinatained from the aforementioned middle fraction, tion with other suitable detergents for cleansing 160 parts of chlorsulphonic acid are added durandscouring vegetable and animal fibers when 50 ing stirring at such a rate that the temperature removing fatty y material5- y y be is maintained between 35 and 40 C. After addiused as D S in ac d olutions which are -tion' of the chlorsulphonic acid the product is used for carbonizing vegetable matter in wool. stirred for 5-10 minutes and then added to 250 When added to flax retting baths, they function parts of diethyl cyclohexylamine at such a rate as wetting and penetrating agents. They may be 55 with 144 grams of chlorsulphonic acid. The mass 20 employed as assistants in fulling and felting proc esses. They may be used in sizing preparations in combination with the usual materials such as starches or gelatine or their equivalents, clays, talcs or their equivalents, weighting salts such as magnesium sulphate or calcium chloride, oils and oils processed by oxidation, polymerization, sulphonation, etc. The penetrating power of these new compositions is utilized with advantage when they are added to baths containing starch ferments which are employed for removing sizing from textile materials. These products function as useful wetting, cleansing, and penetrating agents in bleaching liquors such as those used in the kier boiling of cotton goods. They may be added to the lye liquors used for mercerizing cotton goods. They improve the absorption capability of fibrous materials when such materials are subjected to treatments for finishing, softening, stiflfening, coloring, preshrinking, impregnating, waterproofing, and mildew-proofing. They may be used alone or in combination with other materials for lustering or delustering fabrics. They may be employed to oil or lubricate textile materials and as assistants in processes of weighting or loading fabrics. in silk degumming liquors and silk soaking solutions. They can also be used to assist in twist setting in yarn and in processes of stripping colors. These compounds may be used as assistants in processes of stripping dyes from dyed textile materials.

Another important class of uses of these new compositions is as assistants in the preparation and application of dyestuffs. They may be used in the preparation of dyestuffs in readily dispersible form and for the production of inorganic pigments or pigments of azo, basic, acid, vat, and sulphur dyes in a finely divided condition. As penetrants and wetting agents they assist in producing level dyeings in neutral, acid or alkaline dyeing baths. They facilitate dyeing with developed dyes, the dyeing of animal fibers with vat dyes, the dyeing of cellulose acetate fibers with insoluble dyes, dyeing and printing with aniline black, and the dyeing of leather. In printing pastes they assist in the dispersion of the dye or dye component and facilitate its penetration into the natural or synthetic fiber. Solutions of these compounds are useful for increasing the fastness of dyeings on textile materials. Solutions of these compounds may be used for increasing the amnity of textile fibers of vegetable origin for acid-chrom dyestuffs. These compounds may be used as assistants in resist printing processes.

In the leather industry these compositions function as useful wetting agents in soaking, deliming, bating, tanning, and dyeing baths. They are usein] in softening and treating baths for hides and skins, particularly in baths used for fat-liquoring leather and in processes of water-proofing leather. Solutions of these compounds are useful for pretreating leather prior to dyeing.

The dispersing and emulsifying powers of these new compositions give rise to many interesting uses. They may be utilized for converting liquid or solid substances normally insoluble in water, such as hydrocarbons, higher alcohols, pitches, and pitchy substances into clear solutions or stable emulsions or dispersions. They are useful in preparing emulsions of wax and wax-like compositions which are used as leather dressings or floor polishes. They may be used to prepare artificial dispersions of crude, vulcanized or reclaimed rubber. They may be used as emulsifiers in the They may be used as assistants manufacture of cosmetic preparations such as cold creams and lip sticks. They may be employed for preparing emulsions of the water-inoil type such as emulsions of water in such organic solvents as are used in the dry cleaning industry. They are also of value in the breaking of petroleum emulsions, such as those naturally occurring in nature or produced during the refining of petroleum.

These compositions may also be used alone as bactericides and contact insecticides and for enharming the spreading and penetrating power of other parasiticides. They may be employed in agricultural sprays in combination with the ordinary insecticides and fungicides. They are useful for promoting the penetrating power of wood preservatives.

In the paper industry these products may be used as penetrants in the liquors used for cooking rags and pulp, and as assistants in paper softening, filling, and processes to increase absorbency.

These compositions may be employed as detergents in several different relations. They may be used in the washing of fruits and vegetables for spray residue removal. They may be used .in combination with metal cleaning compounds in neutral, acid, or alkaline liquors. They may be used for paints, varnish, and lacquer cleaners. They may advantageously be employed as cleansing agents in hard water and where a fatty or oily film resists the ordinary cleansing media. They may be added to soap in acid or hard Water baths, since these compositions do not form precipitates so readily in hard and acid waters as soaps and Turkey red oils.

These compositions may be used as aids in various chemical reactions, They may be used to control particle size and shape during precipitation or crystallization of compounds from reaction mixtures. They may be used to decrease the particle size of insoluble amine hydrochlorides just before these amines are to be diazotized:

These compositions also have several miscellaneous uses. They may be employed as foam stabilizing agents, especially for use in air-foam fire extinguishing compositions. They may be used to stabilize rubber latex. They may also be used as frothing and collecting agents in ore flotation processes, and in other processes such as the recovery of fixed oil from the oil sands. The uses mentioned will suggest many similar ones.

By means of the present invention a large class of new and commercially feasible surface active materials has been rendered available for use. These compounds possess satisfactory colloidal properties and are of particular value for use in place of or in combination with soap and soap substitutes. This invention is of considerable interest in that the reactants which enter into it are for the most part readily available at a relatively low cost.

As many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. Chemical compounds having the following general formula:

wherein R is a cyclohexyl radical, R and R" are alkyl groups containing not more than three 'arbon atoms, and Y is a normal primary alihatic' hydrocarbon radical having 8 to 20 carbon atoms.

2. Chemical compounds having the foilowin general formula:

wherein R is a cyclohexyl radical, R and R" are alkyl groups containing less than three carbon atoms, and Y is a normal primary aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 8.to 20 carbon atoms.

3. Chemical compounds having the following general formula:

wherein ,R is a cyclohexyl radical, R and R" are alkyl groups containing less than three carbon atoms, and Y is a normal primary aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms.

4. Chemical compounds having the following general formula:

' RI /RII ran-so s! wherein R. is a cyclohexyl radical, R and R" are alkyl groups containing less than three carbon atoms and Y is an alkyl radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms.

5. Diethyl cyclohexylamine dodecyl sulphate.

6. Dimethyl cyclohexylamine hexadecyl sulphate.

"7. The process which comprises sulphating an aliphatic alcohol having at least eight carbon atoms and neutralizing the resulting product with a dialkyl-cyclohexylamine in which the alkyl. groups contain not more than three carbon atoms.

8. The process which comprises neutralizing a sulphuric acid ester of a normal straight chain primary aliphatic alcohol containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms with a dialkyl-cyclohexylamine in which the alkyl groups-contain less thanthree carbon atoms.

SAMUEL LENHER. LUTHER B. ARNOLD, JR. 

